What is the process called when heat energy is transferred through electromagnetic waves?

The process of heat transfer through electromagnetic waves is known as radiation. This method does not require a medium to occur, meaning heat can be transferred through the vacuum of space. A common example of radiation is the warmth you feel from sunlight, which travels through the vacuum of space to reach the Earth.

In contrast, conduction involves the transfer of heat through direct contact between materials, such as a metal spoon getting warm when placed in a hot pot of water. Convection is the process where heat is transferred through the movement of fluids (liquids or gases), typically through currents driven by differences in temperature and density. Diffusion relates to the movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, which is not a method of heat transfer in the context of thermal energy.

Thus, radiation stands out as the correct answer, as it specifically pertains to the transfer of heat via electromagnetic waves, highlighting its unique ability to operate without any intervening matter.