What is the overall effect of high aspect ratio wings on flight performance?

High aspect ratio wings are designed with a longer wingspan relative to the average width of the wing (chord). This design has a significant impact on flight performance, particularly in terms of efficiency. One of the key benefits of high aspect ratio wings is that they improve the lift-to-drag ratio.

This improvement occurs because high aspect ratio wings generate lift with relatively less induced drag compared to wings with a lower aspect ratio. Induced drag is a byproduct of lift generation, and it tends to increase as the angle of attack increases. With a higher aspect ratio, the airflow remains more streamlined along the wing's surface, allowing for greater lift at lower angles of attack and ultimately producing less drag for a given amount of lift.

As a result, aircraft equipped with high aspect ratio wings are generally more efficient during cruise, allowing for better fuel consumption, increased range, and enhanced overall performance. This is particularly advantageous for gliders and long-range aircraft, where efficiency is a critical factor.

In contrast, choices that suggest a decrease in the lift-to-drag ratio, an increase in drag, or primarily affecting pitch control do not accurately reflect the aerodynamic advantages of high aspect ratio wings. Thus, the improvement of the lift-to-drag ratio is a