What is the main function of the ailerons?

The primary function of ailerons is to control roll and lateral movement of an aircraft. Ailerons are hinged flight control surfaces located on the trailing edge of each wing. When a pilot moves the control yoke or stick to one side, it causes one aileron to deflect upward, reducing lift on that wing, while the other aileron deflects downward, increasing lift on the opposite wing. This differential movement allows the aircraft to roll in the direction of the aileron that is raised, enabling effective control of lateral movements during flight.

This understanding of ailerons is crucial, as they play a vital role in maneuvers, steering, and maintaining stability during various flight conditions. While pitch control is managed by the elevator, and yaw control is primarily through the rudder, ailerons are specifically designed for managing the aircraft's roll, which is essential for turning and banking maneuvers.