How is the aspect ratio of a wing defined?

The aspect ratio of a wing is defined as the ratio of the wingspan to the mean chord. In aviation, the wingspan is the distance from one wingtip to the other, while the mean chord is the average width of the wing. This ratio is significant because it influences the aerodynamic efficiency of the aircraft. A higher aspect ratio generally indicates a longer, narrower wing, which can lead to reduced induced drag and improved performance during flight, particularly in gliding and subsonic conditions.

This definition reflects the geometric characteristics of the wing and helps inform design choices related to performance, stability, and control. Understanding the aspect ratio aids in the analysis of lift generation and drag characteristics, which are crucial for optimizing aircraft performance.