How does temperature affect the performance of an aircraft engine?

Temperature significantly impacts the performance of an aircraft engine, particularly through its effect on air density and engine efficiency. As temperature increases, air density decreases, which in turn reduces the amount of oxygen available for combustion in the engine. An engine relies on a proper mix of air and fuel to operate efficiently. So, with less dense air, there is a decrease in the engine's power output because there is less oxygen to support combustion.

Additionally, higher temperatures can lead to increased thermal stress on engine components, which may reduce mechanical efficiency and increase the chances of overheating. Therefore, the overall result is a decrease in engine efficiency and power output, particularly in hot conditions. Understanding this relationship is crucial for pilots during takeoff and climb phases, particularly from hotter airports or during hot weather, as it directly affects performance and safety.