How does a forward center of gravity impact an aircraft's stability?

A forward center of gravity enhances an aircraft's stability because it positions the mass closer to the center of lift. When the center of gravity is forward, it tends to create a nose-down moment in response to disturbances, which helps return the aircraft to a level flight attitude. This inherent stability makes it less prone to pitch variations during flight.

When an aircraft experiences turbulence or other disturbances, a forward center of gravity will assist in self-righting the aircraft due to the distribution of forces acting on it. The control surfaces, such as the elevator, can then work more efficiently to maintain level flight without excessive pilot input. Therefore, a forward center of gravity is generally associated with stable flight characteristics and helps in reducing the potential for uncontrolled pitch excursions.

In contrast, a rearward center of gravity may decrease stability, as it can lead to a nose-up tendency that may make the aircraft more difficult to control. An unbiased center of gravity would likely have no pronounced effect on overall stability, and while speed is an important operational factor, it does not solely determine stability and control characteristics.